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高畠 容子; 渡部 創; 入澤 啓太; 塩飽 秀啓; 渡部 雅之
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 556, p.153170_1 - 153170_7, 2021/12
被引用回数：1 パーセンタイル：16.35(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)The long-time experimental activities on pyroprocessing have generated waste eutectic salts contaminated with nuclear materials. After reprocessing tests, waste salts should be appropriately treated, with a focus on Cl disposal considering its corrosive nature. It is important to construct Cl confinement for the waste salts. Chlorapatite (Ca
(PO
)
Cl
) has great potential for Cl confinement due to Ca and P. The chemical reactivity of Cl will be drastically reduced if chlorapatite can be synthesized in calcium aluminate cement modified with sodium polyphosphate (CAP) containing CsCl. This study confirms the chemical state of Cl and metal elements in the cement by XRD, XPS, and XANES in the CAP containing CsCl. The analyses results suggest the existence of the Ca-Cl-Cs and Al-Cl-Cs bonds in CAP containing CsCl. The formation of the chemical bonds of Cl with metal elements might be one of important factors for the chlorapatite formation from the CAP containing CsCl.
入澤 啓太; Garcia-Lodeiro, I.*; 木下 肇*
Cement and Concrete Research, 128, p.105951_1 - 105951_7, 2020/02
被引用回数：7 パーセンタイル：35.84(Construction & Building Technology)本研究では、ポリリン酸ナトリウムを含む混練溶液の量と濃度を変化させてリン酸添加カルシウムアルミネートセメント(CAP)の特性を調査した。ポリリン酸ナトリウムの量を一定にして、混練溶液の量を増大させたとき、カルシウムアルミネートセメント(CAC)中に存在するゲーレナイトと比較して、モノカルシウムアルミネートが減少していった。また、非晶質ゲル相中に存在する水の減少とCAP中の水和物として、ギブサイト(Al(OH)
)の量が増大した。ポリリン酸ナトリウムの濃度を一定にして、混練溶液の量を増大させたとき、モノカルシウムアルミネートの減少が確認されなかった。このシリーズにおいては、ギブサイトや他の結晶性水和物も同定されなかった。加えて、未反応なポリリン酸ナトリウムがCAP中に残存した。非晶質ゲル相中の水の減少とCAP中の水和物が微細構造の緻密性を向上させていると考えられる。
Garcia-Lodeiro, I.*; 入澤 啓太; 目黒 義弘; 木下 肇*
Proceedings of 15th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement (ICCC 2019) (Internet), 10 Pages, 2019/09
低中レベルの放射性廃棄物を閉じ込めるために、ポルトランドセメントと添加剤の混合物であるグラウトが、低中レベルの放射性廃棄物に対して一般的に使用されている。しかしながら、ポルトランドセメントを用いた従来のセメント固化工程では、マトリクス中に存在する間隙水や水和物といった水の放射線分解により、水素ガス発生のリスクが残る。カルシウムアルミネートセメントに対してリン酸を添加すると、酸塩基反応によって硬化することが知られている。従来のセメントとは異なる反応メカニズムであることから、放射性廃棄物による水の放射線分解に相当する水素ガスのリスクを最小化する利点があると考えられ、低含水セメント固化体の作製を試みた。本研究は、初期の7日間養生時に温度(35
C, 60C, 95C, 110C,180C)を変化させた条件でリン酸添加カルシウムアルミネートセメントに及ぼす含水率低減の影響を調査した。実験結果は、試験された条件において従来のカルシウムアルミネートセメントに結晶性水和物が生成されず、大量の水を減少できたにも関わらず構造的に問題ないことを示した。95Cで養生したサンプルにおいては、水酸化アパタイトの形成が確認された。
Garcia-Lodeiro, I.*; Lebon, R.*; Machoney, D.*; Zhang, B.*; 入澤 啓太; 谷口 拓海; 並木 仁宏*; 大杉 武史; 目黒 義弘; 木下 肇*
Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on Cement-based Materials for Nuclear Wastes (NUWCEM 2018) (USB Flash Drive), 4 Pages, 2018/11
Processing of contaminated water from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) results in a large amount of radioactive aqueous wastes, with a significant amount of radioactive strontium (
Sr) and inorganic salts (mainly chlorides). It is challenging to condition these wastes using the conventional cementation because of the significant contamination and associated risk of hydrogen gas generation. The present study investigates the applicability of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) modified with phosphates (CAP) for incorporation of simulated secondary aqueous wastes. The use of CAP system is interesting because it may allow the reduction of water content, and the risk of hydrogen gas generation, since the solidification of this systems does not solely rely on the hydration of clinker phases. CAC and CAP pastes were prepared intermixing with different secondary aqueous wastes (concentrated effluent, iron co-precipitation slurry and carbonate slurry) and cured at either 35C or 90C in open systems for 7 days. Overall, the incorporation of the simulated wastes did not significantly alter the development of CAP or CAC, maintaining the integrity of their microstructure. However, because of the high Cl
content in the simulated wastes, CAC system showed formation of the Friedel's salt (CaAl(OH)Cl(HO)). On the other hand, formation of chlorapatite-type phase was detected in the CAP systems cured at 90C.
Garcia-Lodeiro, I.*; 入澤 啓太; Jin, F.*; 目黒 義弘; 木下 肇*
Cement and Concrete Research, 109, p.243 - 253, 2018/07
被引用回数：26 パーセンタイル：69.09(Construction & Building Technology)Cementation of the secondary aqueous wastes from TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is challenging due to the significant strontium content and radioactivity, leading to a potential risk of hydrogen gas generation via radiolysis of water content. The present study investigates the reduction of water content in calcium aluminate cement (CAC) with/out phosphate modification by a heat-treatment during the solidification. The reduction of water in the CAC was found restricted by the rapid formation of crystalline hydration phases, whereas the phosphate-modified system allowed the gradual reduction of water, achieving the reduction of 60% water content at 95C. Curing at 60-95C also eliminated the significant cracks found at 35C in the phosphate system. The possible difference in the amorphous products, NaCaPO.nHO type at 35C and Ca(HPO).xHO type at 60-95C, may have contributed to the improvement in the microstructure together with the change in the pore size distribution.
入澤 啓太; 谷口 拓海; 並木 仁宏; Garc
a-Lodeiro, I.*; 大杉 武史; 榊原 哲朗; 中澤 修; 目黒 義弘; 木下 肇*
Proceedings of 2017 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP 2017) (CD-ROM), 6 Pages, 2017/04
東京電力福島第一原子力発電所から発生する汚染水二次廃棄物の安全な貯蔵のために、リン酸セメントを用いて低含水固化技術を開発している。従来のセメントシステムは水和反応を経由して固化し、一定量の水の要求と含有を必要とする。しかしながら、リン酸セメントは酸塩基反応を経由して固化する。それゆえ、水は作業性の観点から必要とされているだけである。水分量が低減されたリン酸セメントシステムは放射性廃棄物による水の放射線分解で発生する水素ガスを低減できるため、安全な貯蔵に貢献できる。本研究は、異なる温度(60, 90, 120C)の開放系及びリファレンスとして20Cの閉鎖系で養生したカルシウムアルミネートセメント(CAC)とリン酸添加CAC(CAP)の含水率と特性を調査した。CACとCAP中の水分量は時間経過に伴い減少した。
90Cにおいて、CAPはCACよりも低い含水率を得た。CAC中の自由水は、加熱処理により構造水に転換したが、CAPでは生じなかった。ハイドロキシアパタイトの前駆相である正リン酸塩が20, 60CのCAP中で発見され、90Cでは正リン酸塩とハイドロキシアパタイトの混合物が発見された。120CのCAP中のリン酸生成物は、20, 60, 90CのCAPと比較して異なるリン酸塩からなるようにみえる。
入澤 啓太; Mcgahan, M.*; 目黒 義弘; 木下 肇*
no journal, ,
Calcium aluminate cement modified with phosphate (CAP) has been studied as one of the alternative cementitious matrices for the encapsulation of nuclear wastes, especially those containing reactive metals. Our previous study indicated a potential advantage in phosphate modification of this system for incorporation of CsNO. 
Cs is one of the key radioactive nuclides which causes the majority of the radioactivity in the earlier age of nuclear wastes, yet difficult to incorporate into cement systems due to the mobile nature of an alkaline element. The present study investigates the compositional effects on the CAP system, focusing on the effects of phosphate on the incorporation of CsNO. The CAP samples were prepared by mixing calcium aluminate cement (CAC) with the aqueous solution of sodium polyphosphate and CsNO. In order to keep the weight % of CsNO constant in the prepared samples, the total weight of the matrix forming reagents (CAC and phosphate) were kept constant, as well as that of water. Only the balance between CAC and phosphate was changed to study the compositional effects. All samples were cured up to 28 days in a sealed container under ambient condition.
Garca-Lodeiro, I.*; Jin, F.*; 入澤 啓太; 目黒 義弘; 木下 肇*
no journal, ,
The present study investigates the effect of water loss during the curing of phosphate-modified CAC system at different temperatures (35C, 60C, 90C, 180C) in open systems. Experimental results indicate that these phosphate-based cements do not form the conventional CAC crystalline hydration products at these temperatures but provide structural integrity despite a significant amount of water loss. Hydroxyapatite was detected at temperatures 60C.
Garca-Lodeiro, I.*; Gao, Y.*; Chavda, M.*; 入澤 啓太; 目黒 義弘; 木下 肇*
no journal, ,
The present study investigates the effect of phosphates on hydrothermal treatment of CAC system at 60C, 105C and 180C. The treatment of conventional CAC resulted in formation of stable CAH and 
-AlOOH. Modification by mono-phosphate appeared to have delayed the hydration and overall reaction of CAC, whereas poly-phosphate appeared to significantly stabilise the amorphous binding phase up to 180C. No crystalline phase was observed except hydroxyapatite when poly-phosphate was used.
Garca-Lodeiro, I.*; Lebon, R.*; Mahoney, D.*; Zhang, B.*; 入澤 啓太; 大杉 武史; 中澤 修; 木下 肇*
no journal, ,
Incorporation of simulated aqueous secondary wastes in CAC and CAP cements was studied. The inclusion of simulated secondary wastes did not disturb the fundamental reaction of the systems, but the significant salt contents resulted in Friedel's salt in CAC and chlorapatite in CAP.
Garcia-Lodeiro, I.*; 入澤 啓太; Lebon, R.*; Mahoney, D.*; Zhang, B.*; 谷口 拓海; 並木 仁宏*; 大杉 武史; 目黒 義弘; 木下 肇*
no journal, ,
Calcium aluminate cements modified with phosphate (CAP) have been studied as an alternative matrix for the encapsulation of aqueous secondary wastes arising from processing of contaminated waster in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The present study focuses on the immobilisation of Sr and the other elements present in the simulated wastes in the CAP cements. As a result, CAP has a great potential as a host matrix for aqueous secondary wastes currently stored in Fukushima. It was possible to incorporate the simulated secondary wastes and form stable solids that can retain Sr under exposure to water.
